Android入門基礎知識

Android注意事項

1、編寫Activity.java文件時一定要在AndroidManifest.xml中注冊一下才能正常運行

2、res/layout目錄中的xml文件名一定要使用小寫字母命名

3、需要使用自定義的顏色值和自定義的字符串（例如特殊字體：帶下劃線的文字）時，只需要在res/values 目錄中定義即可，例如：

1）自定義color    >>添加一個colors.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources>

<color name="colorgrey">#6B6B6B</color>

</resources>

2）自定義strings    >>添加strings.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<resources>

    <string name="hello">Hello World, TestActivity!</string>

    <string name="app_name">appName</string>

    <string name="protocol"><u>《***軟件許可協議》</u></string>

</resources>

4、不要亂往res目錄下的文件夾中添加內容，因為這些文件會在R.java文件中被引用，稍有不慎就會出現很難發現的錯誤，導致程序無法運行，浪費時間。

5、布局文件中常用的標簽有以下幾個，要靈活使用

<RelativeLayout ></RelativeLayout>

<LinearLayout ></LinearLayout>

<ImageButton />

<ImageView />

<TextView />

 示例：以下布局代碼可實現帶圖標的可點擊按鈕（home.xml）

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
     android:layout_width="match_parent"  
     android:layout_height="match_parent"
     android:orientation="vertical"
     android:background="@drawable/background_main" >  
 
     <LinearLayout
         android:layout_width="match_parent"  
         android:layout_height="45dp"  
         android:background="#393a3e"
         android:paddingLeft="10dp"
         android:gravity="left|center_vertical"  
         android:orientation="horizontal" >
         <TextView  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:textSize="20dp"
             android:text="幸福苑"  
           />  
     </LinearLayout>
     
     <LinearLayout
         android:id="@+id/id_tab_login"  
         android:layout_width="match_parent"  
         android:layout_height="60dp"  
         android:paddingLeft="10dp"
         android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
         android:gravity="left|center_vertical"  
         android:orientation="horizontal"
         android:background="#ffffff"
         android:clickable="true"
          >  
         
         <LinearLayout
             android:layout_width="50dp"  
             android:layout_height="50dp"
             android:orientation="horizontal" >
             <ImageButton  
                 android:id="@+id/id_tab_login_img"  
                 android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
                 android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
                 android:background="#00000000"  
                 android:clickable="false"  
                 android:src="@drawable/logo_model" />  
         </LinearLayout>
         
         <LinearLayout
             android:layout_width="match_parent"  
             android:layout_height="50dp"
             android:gravity="left|center_vertical"
             android:orientation="vertical"  >
             <TextView  
                 android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
                 android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
                 android:paddingLeft="10dp"
                 android:textColor="#000000"
                 android:text="@string/login_text"  
               />  
             <TextView  
                 android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
                 android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
                 android:paddingLeft="10dp"
                 android:textColor="#000000"
                 android:textSize="12dp"
                 android:text="開啟你的幸福之旅"  
               />  
         </LinearLayout>
     </LinearLayout>
 
     <LinearLayout  
         android:id="@+id/id_tab_pension_consult"  
         android:layout_width="match_parent"  
         android:layout_height="40dp"
         android:paddingLeft="10dp"
         android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
         android:gravity="left|center_vertical"  
         android:orientation="horizontal"
         android:background="#ffffff"
         android:clickable="true" >  
  <!-- android:clickable="false" 是為了防止ImageButton截取了觸摸事件 ，這裡事件要給它的上一級linearlayout-->  
         <ImageButton  
              android:id="@+id/id_tab_pension_consult_img"  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:background="#00000000"  
             android:clickable="false"  
             android:src="@drawable/logo_model1" />  
   
         <TextView  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:paddingLeft="10dp"
             android:textColor="#000000"
             android:text="養老咨詢"  
           />  
     </LinearLayout>  
 
     <LinearLayout  
         android:id="@+id/id_tab_server_center"  
         android:layout_width="match_parent"  
         android:layout_height="40dp"  
         android:layout_marginTop="1dp"
         android:paddingLeft="10dp"
         android:gravity="left|center_vertical"  
         android:orientation="horizontal"
         android:background="#ffffff" >  
         <ImageButton  
              android:id="@+id/id_tab_server_center_img"  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:background="#00000000"  
             android:clickable="false"  
             android:src="@drawable/logo_model1" />  
   
         <TextView  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:paddingLeft="10dp"
             android:textColor="#000000"
             android:text="服務中心"  
           />  
     </LinearLayout>  
 
     <LinearLayout  
         android:id="@+id/id_tab_recipe"  
         android:layout_width="match_parent"  
         android:layout_height="40dp"  
         android:layout_marginTop="1dp"
         android:paddingLeft="10dp"
         android:gravity="left|center_vertical"  
         android:orientation="horizontal"
         android:background="#ffffff"
          >  
         <ImageButton  
              android:id="@+id/id_tab_recipe_img"  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:background="#00000000"  
             android:clickable="false"  
             android:src="@drawable/logo_model1" />  
   
         <TextView  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:paddingLeft="10dp"
             android:textColor="#000000"
             android:text="營養食譜"  
           />  
     </LinearLayout>  
 
     <LinearLayout  
         android:id="@+id/id_tab_medical_examination_data"  
         android:layout_width="match_parent"  
         android:layout_height="40dp"  
         android:layout_marginTop="1dp"
         android:paddingLeft="10dp"
         android:gravity="left|center_vertical"  
         android:orientation="horizontal"
         android:background="#ffffff"
          >  
         <ImageButton  
              android:id="@+id/id_tab_medical_examination_data_img"  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:background="#00000000"  
             android:clickable="false"  
             android:src="@drawable/logo_model1" />  
   
         <TextView  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:paddingLeft="10dp"
             android:textColor="#000000"
             android:text="體檢數據"  
           />  
     </LinearLayout>  
 
     <LinearLayout  
         android:id="@+id/id_tab_medical"  
         android:layout_width="match_parent"  
         android:layout_height="40dp"  
         android:layout_marginTop="1dp"
         android:paddingLeft="10dp"
         android:gravity="left|center_vertical"  
         android:orientation="horizontal"
         android:background="#ffffff" >   
         <ImageButton  
              android:id="@+id/id_tab_medical_img"  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:background="#00000000"  
             android:clickable="false"  
             android:src="@drawable/logo_model1" />  
   
         <TextView  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:paddingLeft="10dp"
             android:textColor="#000000"
             android:text="醫療問診"  
           />  
     </LinearLayout>  
 
     <LinearLayout  
         android:id="@+id/id_tab_community_video_monitoring"  
         android:layout_width="match_parent"  
         android:layout_height="40dp"  
         android:layout_marginTop="1dp"
         android:paddingLeft="10dp"
         android:gravity="left|center_vertical"  
         android:orientation="horizontal"
         android:background="#ffffff" >  
         <ImageButton  
             android:id="@+id/id_tab_community_video_monitoring_img"  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:background="#00000000"  
             android:clickable="false"  
             android:src="@drawable/logo_model1" />  
   
         <TextView  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:paddingLeft="10dp"
             android:textColor="#000000"
             android:text="社區養老視頻監控"  
           />  
     </LinearLayout>  
 
     <LinearLayout  
         android:id="@+id/id_tab_feedback"  
         android:layout_width="match_parent"  
         android:layout_height="40dp"  
         android:paddingLeft="10dp"
         android:layout_marginTop="1dp"
         android:gravity="left|center_vertical"  
         android:orientation="horizontal"
         android:background="#ffffff" >  
         <ImageButton  
              android:id="@+id/id_tab_feedback_img"  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:background="#00000000"  
             android:clickable="false"  
             android:src="@drawable/logo_model1" />  
   
         <TextView  
             android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
             android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
             android:paddingLeft="10dp"
             android:textColor="#000000"
             android:text="意見反饋"  
           />  
     </LinearLayout>          
         
 </LinearLayout>

點擊事件的添加方法（HomeActivity.java）

 package com.test;
 
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.view.View;
 import android.view.Window;
 import android.widget.LinearLayout;
 
 public class HomeActivity extends Activity implements 
         android.view.View.OnClickListener {
 
     //四個Tab，每個Tab包含一個按鈕
     private LinearLayout myTabLogin;
     private LinearLayout myTabPensionConsulting;
     private LinearLayout myTabServerCenter;
     private LinearLayout myTabRecipe;
     private LinearLayout myTabMedicalExaminationData;
     private LinearLayout myTabMedical;
     private LinearLayout myTabCommunityVideoMonitoring;
     private LinearLayout myTabFeedback;
     
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         this.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);//去掉標題欄
         setContentView(R.layout.home);    
         init();
     }
     
     /*
      * 初始化設置
      */
     private void init() {
         //初始化 LinearLayout
         myTabLogin = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_login);
         myTabPensionConsulting = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_pension_consult);
         myTabServerCenter = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_server_center);
         myTabRecipe = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_recipe);
         myTabMedicalExaminationData = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_medical_examination_data);
         myTabMedical = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_medical);
         myTabCommunityVideoMonitoring = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_community_video_monitoring);
         myTabFeedback = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_tab_feedback);
         /*
          * 監聽並處理點擊事件
          * 具體的處理方法在onClick(View v)方法中
          */
         myTabLogin.setOnClickListener(this);
         myTabPensionConsulting.setOnClickListener(this);
         myTabServerCenter.setOnClickListener(this);
         myTabRecipe.setOnClickListener(this);
         myTabMedicalExaminationData.setOnClickListener(this);
         myTabMedical.setOnClickListener(this);
         myTabCommunityVideoMonitoring.setOnClickListener(this);
         myTabFeedback.setOnClickListener(this);
     }
 
     public void onClick(View v) {
         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
         switch (v.getId()) {
         case R.id.id_tab_login:
             Intent intent = new Intent(HomeActivity.this, LoginActivity.class);
             HomeActivity.this.startActivity(intent);
             overridePendingTransition(R.layout.out_style, R.layout.in_style);
             HomeActivity.this.finish();
             break;
         case R.id.id_tab_medical_examination_data:
             Intent intent1 = new Intent(HomeActivity.this, MedicalExamDataActivity.class);
             HomeActivity.this.startActivity(intent1);
             overridePendingTransition(R.layout.out_style, R.layout.in_style);
             HomeActivity.this.finish();
             break;
         case R.id.id_tab_recipe:
             Intent intent11 = new Intent(HomeActivity.this, RecipeActivity.class);
             HomeActivity.this.startActivity(intent11);
             overridePendingTransition(R.layout.out_style, R.layout.in_style);
             HomeActivity.this.finish();
             break;
         case R.id.id_tab_pension_consult:
             Intent intent2 = new Intent(HomeActivity.this, TodoActivity.class);
             HomeActivity.this.startActivity(intent2);
             overridePendingTransition(R.layout.out_style, R.layout.in_style);
             HomeActivity.this.finish();
             break;
         case R.id.id_tab_server_center:
             Intent intent22 = new Intent(HomeActivity.this, ServerCenterActivity.class);
             HomeActivity.this.startActivity(intent22);
             overridePendingTransition(R.layout.out_style, R.layout.in_style);
             HomeActivity.this.finish();
             break;
         case R.id.id_tab_medical:
             Intent intent3 = new Intent(HomeActivity.this, MedicalActivity.class);
             HomeActivity.this.startActivity(intent3);
             overridePendingTransition(R.layout.out_style, R.layout.in_style);
             HomeActivity.this.finish();
             break;
         case R.id.id_tab_community_video_monitoring:
             Intent intent33 = new Intent(HomeActivity.this, TodoActivity.class);
             HomeActivity.this.startActivity(intent33);
             overridePendingTransition(R.layout.out_style, R.layout.in_style);
             HomeActivity.this.finish();
             break;
         case R.id.id_tab_feedback:
             Intent intent4 = new Intent(HomeActivity.this, TodoActivity.class);
             HomeActivity.this.startActivity(intent4);
             overridePendingTransition(R.layout.out_style, R.layout.in_style);
             HomeActivity.this.finish();
             break;
         default:
             break;
         }
     }
 
 }