Android編程使用HTTP協議與TCP協議實現上傳文件的方法

本文實例講述了Android編程使用HTTP協議與TCP協議實現上傳文件的方法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

Android上傳文件有兩種方式，第一種是基於Http協議的HttpURLConnection，第二種是基於TCP協議的Socket。 這兩種方式的區別是使用HttpURLConnection上傳時內部有緩存機制，如果上傳較大文件會導致內存溢出。如果用TCP協議Socket方式上傳就會解決這種弊端。

HTTP協議HttpURLConnection

1. 通過URL封裝路徑打開一個HttpURLConnection
2.設置請求方式以及頭字段：Content-Type、Content-Length、Host
3.拼接數據發送

示例：

private static final String BOUNDARY = "---------------------------7db1c523809b2";//數據分割線
public boolean uploadHttpURLConnection(String username, String password, String path) throws Exception {
  //找到sdcard上的文件
  File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), path);
  //仿Http協議發送數據方式進行拼接
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  sb.append("--" + BOUNDARY + "\r\n");
  sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"username\"" + "\r\n");
  sb.append("\r\n");
  sb.append(username + "\r\n");
  sb.append("--" + BOUNDARY + "\r\n");
  sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"password\"" + "\r\n");
  sb.append("\r\n");
  sb.append(password + "\r\n");
  sb.append("--" + BOUNDARY + "\r\n");
  sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"" + path + "\"" + "\r\n");
  sb.append("Content-Type: image/pjpeg" + "\r\n");
  sb.append("\r\n");
  byte[] before = sb.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");
  byte[] after = ("\r\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n").getBytes("UTF-8");
  URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.16:8080/14_Web/servlet/LoginServlet");
  HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
  conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
  conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY);
  conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(before.length + file.length() + after.length));
  conn.setRequestProperty("HOST", "192.168.1.16:8080");
  conn.setDoOutput(true);
  OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();
  InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
  out.write(before);
  byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
  int len;
  while ((len = in.read(buf)) != -1)
    out.write(buf, 0, len);
  out.write(after);
  in.close();
  out.close();
  return conn.getResponseCode() == 200;
}

TCP協議Socket

1.我們可以使用Socket發送TCP請求，將上傳數據分段發送

示例：

public boolean uploadBySocket(String username, String password, String path) throws Exception {
  // 根據path找到SDCard中的文件
  File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), path);
  // 組裝表單字段和文件之前的數據
  StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  sb.append("--" + BOUNDARY + "\r\n");
  sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"username\"" + "\r\n");
  sb.append("\r\n");
  sb.append(username + "\r\n");
  sb.append("--" + BOUNDARY + "\r\n");
  sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"password\"" + "\r\n");
  sb.append("\r\n");
  sb.append(password + "\r\n");
  sb.append("--" + BOUNDARY + "\r\n");
  sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"" + path + "\"" + "\r\n");
  sb.append("Content-Type: image/pjpeg" + "\r\n");
  sb.append("\r\n");
  // 文件之前的數據
  byte[] before = sb.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");
  // 文件之後的數據
  byte[] after = ("\r\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n").getBytes("UTF-8");
  URL url = new URL("http://192.168.1.199:8080/14_Web/servlet/LoginServlet");
  // 由於HttpURLConnection中會緩存數據, 上傳較大文件時會導致內存溢出, 所以我們使用Socket傳輸
  Socket socket = new Socket(url.getHost(), url.getPort());
  OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
  PrintStream ps = new PrintStream(out, true, "UTF-8");
  // 寫出請求頭
  ps.println("POST /14_Web/servlet/LoginServlet HTTP/1.1");
  ps.println("Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY);
  ps.println("Content-Length: " + String.valueOf(before.length + file.length() + after.length));
  ps.println("Host: 192.168.1.199:8080");
  InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
  // 寫出數據
  out.write(before);
  byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
  int len;
  while ((len = in.read(buf)) != -1)
    out.write(buf, 0, len);
  out.write(after);
  in.close();
  out.close();
  return true;
}

搭建服務器，完成上傳功能

package cn.test.web.servlet;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
  @Override
  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    doPost(request, response);
  }
  @Override
  public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
    if (isMultipart)
      try {
        FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
        List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
        File dir = new File(request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload"));
        //創建目錄
        dir.mkdir();
        for (FileItem item : items)
          if (item.isFormField())
            System.out.println(item.getFieldName() + ": " + item.getString());
          else{
            item.write(new File(dir,item.getName().substring(item.getName().lastIndexOf("\\")+1)));
          }
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    else {
      System.out.println(request.getMethod());
      System.out.println(request.getParameter("username"));
      System.out.println(request.getParameter("password"));
    }
  }
}

希望本文所述對大家Android程序設計有所幫助。